Tramadol 100mg for sale online.Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others,[1] is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderately severe pain.[3] When taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain relief usually begins within an hour.[3] It is also available by injection.[13] It is available in combination with paracetamol (acetaminophen).
As is typical of opioids, common side effects include constipation, itchiness, and nausea.[3] Effects may include hallucinations, seizures, increased risk of serotonin syndrome, decreased alertness, and drug addiction.[3] A change in dosage may be recommend in those with kidney or liver problems.[3] It is not recommend in those who are pregnant.[3][13] While not recommend in women who are breastfeeding, those who take a single dose do not generally have to stop breastfeeding.[14] Tramadol is convert in the liver to O-desmethyltramadol (desmetramadol), an opioid with a stronger affinity to the μ-opioid receptor.[3][15] Tramadol is also a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).[3][16]
Tramadol was patent in 1963 and launch under the name “Tramal” in 1977 by the West German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal GmbH.[16][17] In the mid-1990s, it was approve in the UK and the US.[16] It is available as a generic medication and marketed under many brand names worldwide.[1][3] In 2020, it was the 35th most commonly prescrib medication in the US, with more than 17 million prescriptions.
Medical uses
Tramadol[20] (a schedule IV drug in the US) is use primarily to treat mild to severe pain, both acute and chronic.[21][22] There is moderate evidence for use as a second-line treatment for fibromyalgia but it is not FDA approve for this use.[23] Its use is approve for treatment of fibromyalgia as a secondary painkiller by the NHS.[24]
Its analgesic effects take approximately an hour to be realize, and it takes from two to four hours to reach peak effect after oral administration with an immediate-release formulation.
[21][22] On a dose-by-dose basis, tramadol has about one-tenth the potency of morphine (thus 100 mg is commensurate with 10 mg morphine but may vary)
and is practically equally potent when compared with pethidine and codeine.[25] For pain moderate in severity, its effectiveness is roughly equivalent to that of codeine in low
doses and hydrocodone at very high doses. For severe pain it is less effective than morphine.[21]
Pain reducing effects last approximately six hours. The potency of analgesia varies considerably as it depends on an individual’s genetics.
People with specific variants of CYP2D6 enzymes may not produce adequate amounts of
the active metabolite (desmetramadol) for effective pain control.[12][21]
Sleep medicine physicians sometimes prescribe tramadol (or other opiate medications) for refractory restless legs
syndrome (RLS);[26][27] that is, RLS that does not respond adequately to treatment with first-line medications
such as dopamine agonists (like pramipexole) or alpha-2-delta (α2δ) ligands (gabapentinoids), often due to augmentation
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